Legislation and Regulatory Bodies Essay Example for Free

Legislation and Regulatory Bodies Essay Children Act 1989 This act acknowledged that children have rights and that their needs are paramount. Children Act 2004 This act was written as a result of the death of a child due to neglect. The act expressed that every child matters and identified outcomes for all children to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic wellbeing. Although every child matters there is no longer an official programme there are no plans to repeal the legislative framework behind the outcomes. Childcare Act 2006. This is important to home based child care and has presented a number of changes. These are: †¢ The Early Year’s Foundation Stage †¢ Ofsted registers †¢ Children centres and extended schools. †¢ Duty of local care authorities to ensure adequate childcare and information †¢ Free early years 3 4 year old funding. Equality act 2010 This brought together all earlier acts concerning equal opportunities. This guarantees that different groups of people are treated fairly .This includes men women, people of different races, disabled people, people with different religions or no religions, people of different ages, Lesbian gay and bisexual straight people and people who have changed their sex. It also ensures that child minder’s anticipate the needs of the families in their care and make sensible adjustments to ensure disabled children and their families can access their service. The Data Protection Act 1998 outlines the rules which protect the personal data of an individual and prevents information being passed on without their consent. In the case of children, their parents must give consent. Riddor 1995 This specifies that certain accidents and injuries must be reported by law. The main purpose of the regulations is to put together reports to the health and safety executive and to local authorities. Home based child minders have a duty to report deaths, major illness, reportable diseases And dangerous incidents Regulatory Bodies All child minders have to be registered with Ofsted. Ofsted are the regulatory body for child care education. They register and inspect all child care providers. Home based childcare (includes) †¢ Child minders †¢ Home based carers †¢ Nannies †¢ Childcare on domestic premises. Ofsted will carry out check on child minders and any person over the age of 16 years who live on the premises. They also carry out checks on child minder’s and their service, investigate following any complaint or concern and enforce action against child minders that do not meet the level of required standards of registration and action could be taken. Child minders caring for children from birth to 31st August after their fifth birthday will be placed on the Early Years Register which means they will be inspected against the welfare requirements of the EYFS; they are inspected within the first seven months and have inspections every three years. Child minders who care for children from 1st September following their fifth birthday up to the age of 8 will be placed on the compulsory part of the Ofsted childcare register. This means the child minders will be randomly chosen for inspection, Ofsted will inspect the child minder if they receive a complaint, they will be given little or no notice of these inspections and they will be inspected against the conditions for the childcare register. The early year’s foundation stage EYFS sets the standards all early years providers must meet to guarantee that children learn and develop well and are kept healthy and safe. It encourages teaching and learning to ensure children’s school readiness. This gives children the broad range of knowledge and skills that provides the right foundation for a good future progress through their school life

Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Individual cases presented to justify legalizing physician assisted suicide fail to deal with underlying medical failures to control pain, creating an illusion of control over death, and not acknowledging the thousands of patients murdered inappropriately. This is an interesting and a very controversial issue in today’s society. Euthanasia has negative sides, it can hurt society, and everyone needs to learn more bout it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word Euthanasia is Greek in origin. It arrived from the prefix â€Å"eu†, meaning fear, easy, and fortunate and from the word â€Å"thanatos† meaning death. The main idea of Euthanasia is that someone has a conscientious death or a fortunate one. In other words, we attempt to ease one’s pain by murdering another human being to give him/her a so-called â€Å"easy death† which is illegal and morally wrong. The key element of one human being taking the life of another human being is not present. It is exactly this element that causes euthanasia to be morally wrong (Gay-Williams,288)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are different cases that might be hard to distinguish whether it is, or isn’t Euthanasia. There are murders in â€Å"just†, war, when trying to protect oneself, and in federal executions. It can be said that one of those is amiss; it would be arduous to prove that they are always amiss. When someone looks at those examples above and euthanasia, he/she can tell their inequality. The person who is murdered above is considered by the murderer as an adversary, an assaulter, or criminally culpable. But the individual in Euthanasia is neither of the three we mentioned (Gay-Williams, 288). As I defined earlier, euthanasia is taking someone’s life, either his/her own or of another person to add to that, the human being whose life is confiscated must be a person that is assumed to be experiencing a disease or injury from which regaining life cannot reasonably be anticipated. Ultimately, the attempt must be deliberate and intentional. Thus, euthan asia is purposely confiscating the life of a believed hopeless person, whether it is the person’s own or of a relative or friend, it is still euthanasia. It is critical to be apparent about the deliberate and intentional appearance of the death. If a desperate person is injected with the incorrect drug unintenti... ...Cited Darr, Kurt. â€Å"Physician-Assisted Suicide and the Supreme Court: Implications for Health Services   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delivery.† 22 Jun. 1997. On-line. Netscape. 1 Oct. 2002. Dekker, Diana. â€Å"Life or Death.† The Evening Post. 23 Jun. 2001. On-line. Netscape. 1 Oct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2002. Gay-Williams,J. â€Å"The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia† Taking Sides: Clashing views on Controversial Moral Issues. Ed. Stephen Satris. 5th ed. Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw Hill, 1997. 288-289, 290-293. Hending, Herbert.†Selling Death and Dignity: Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Bioethical Issues. Ed. Stephen Carol Levine. 7th ed. Guilford, CT: Dushkin/Mcdraw-Hill, 1997 80-81, 87-94, 95. Hupfer, Sherrrie. â€Å"Ethical deisions at the Darkest Hour.† Radiologic Technology. 11 Jan. 1996.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On-line. Netscape. 1 Oct. 2002 Komp, Diane. Assisted Suicide. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Pres. 1998 Shapiro, Joseph P. â€Å"Expanding a Right to Die.† U.S. News and World Report. 15 Apr. 1996: 63. Vallis, Mary. â€Å" Study Pinpoints Fear that pushes some to Euthanasia: A Means of Limiting a loss of Self.† National Post 3Aug. 2001. On-line. Netscape. 5 Oct. 2002

Scoping and Screening in Environmental Impact Assesssment

AN OPTIONAL ESSAY ON COMPARING AND CONTRASTING THE ROLES OF â€Å"SCREENING† AND â€Å"SCOPING† IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT COURSE UNIT PLAN60411/PLAN40321 STUDENT ID :8528550 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact assessment is a systematic process that examines, analyses the environmental consequences of development or development action in advance (Glasson,J. el al 2005).It is a logical process for establishing and sustaining an environment of quality by incorporating environmental considerations into decision making; specifying and clarifying the environmental aspects of development proposals to decision makers; indicating ways of mitigation and proffering project alternatives. It involves crucial stages for its optimum desirability and success these include â€Å"screening† and â€Å"scoping†. This paper of discourse will clearly compare and contrast the roles of these indispensible tools used in environmenta l impact assessment process.DEFINATION OF TERMS Screening is a mechanism which seeks to focus on those projects with potentially significant adverse environmental impact or whose impacts are not fully known. Scoping is the process of identifying from a broad range of potential problems, a number of priority issues to be addressed by an environmental impact assessment. (Wathem,P 2004) SCOPE OF STUDY From the foregoing, we can construe that they are essential stages of environmental impact assessment.Screening and scoping are both preliminary stages of an environmental impact assessment, and executed systematically in stages which must be done in a logical and professional manner, especially in the case of an integrated environmental impact assessment approach. They both have approaches for the scrutiny of a proposed project for consequently crucial in decision making. Both share a major role: the execution of a successful environmental impact assessment as an effective protection and management tool, as resourceful as possible.Despite what roles they have in common, these components of requisite have distinctive features and approaches in the roles they play in the environmental impact assessment process. Screening is focused on the significance of an impact in the environment, while scoping works on the range of issues to be defined after level of impact significance. They have different approaches to their functionality; screening uses the following approaches: * Schedule 1 (EU: Annex 1) Environmental impact assessment is mandatory * Schedule 2 (EU: Annex 2)Environmental impact assessment is discretionary, according to thresholds. * Schedule 3 (EU: Annex 3) Further consideration of Schedule 2 projects example environmental sensitivity. The EIA regulations England SI No 1824 2011 While scoping uses * Scoping Checklist * Scoping Matrix * Network programming European commission guidance on EIA: Scoping(2001) Screening uses the Initial Environmental Examination o r evaluation (IEE) as its checks and balances. On the other hand, scoping uses Scoping and report/opinion and public input and participation through a Terms of Reference (TOR).Project screening, precedes project scoping. Hence, screening must be carried out before project scoping. It is recommended and not mandatory to public involvement and stakeholders in screening, scoping differing from screening deems it is mandatory and recommendable for public participants to be involved at the stage of environmental impact assessment. CONCLUSION It is usually difficult to overemphasis the roles played by screening and scoping in environmental impact assessment irrespective of how far they are in contrast or how close they are in comparison.What is imperative is that the success of an environmental impact assessment depends largely on how well they are conducted. REFERENCES Glasson, J. et al (2005): Introduction to impact Assessment; Routledge, Abingdon, 3rd Edition Wathern, P. (2004): Enviro nmental Impact Assessment, Theory And Practice: west Sussex London Journal On Environmental Impact Assessment Training (2002); Topic 4, UNEP

Adultery and Punishment in The Scarlet Letter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 959 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Scarlet Letter Essay Did you like this example? Everyone has sinned at some point in their lives and it has ruined relationships. Sinning however can be redeemable but it takes hard work and dedication in order to achieve that goal. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne we follow Hester Prynne our female protagonist and her journey along the aftermath of sin and the change it brings in each character along the way. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adultery and Punishment in The Scarlet Letter" essay for you Create order In seventeenth century Boston, the protagonist Hester Prynne does a horrible thing and commits a sin that goesis against the Puritan Code, this sin is Adultery, the worst sin according to the Puritans religion. Hester spends years with the product of her sin, little Pearl, andabd suffers the harsh judgement of the townspeople alone. Later in the novel she faces relationship problems between the person she loves who is Reverend Dimmesdale and the person she married who is Roger Chillingworth. Hawthorne uses the characterization of Hester Prynne and the symbol of the Scarlet Letter to convey that sin can be negative towards your life and how it is lived, but you can come back from sin and eventually people would forgive you in a sense that people would have you back in their community. Redemption which is, recovering or saving yourself from sin, like giving food to the poor can always be something positive. Hawthorne characterizes Hester as a strong woman because she wears the Scarlet Letter and accepts all of the shame. Hester, as a result of her sin, had a baby at the beginning of the novel and named her Pearl. Hester makes a living out of her shameful situation and lives it with acceptance of what shes done. In the novel Hawthorne states,Continuing a resident of New England was half of a truth, and half a self delusion. Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment. This connects to the overall Thesis statement because Hester wore the Scarlet A with no shame and if she never wanted to accept it she could have left New England from the start. She has repentance for the sin she committed also knows that she is no longer pure but will try to make the most of it. The torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saintlike, because the result of martyrdom. This connects to the thesis statement because Hester stays strong through the hard times since she could have suffered or even been killed because of that sin. She eventually pushes and continues her normal life with the Scarlet Letter attached to her chest. In conclusion Hester is a strong woman and is obviously going through tough times full of judgement but its nothing she cant come back from. The symbol of the Scarlet Letter A changes from Adultery to Able. The Letter A is for committing the sin of adultery. After years of wearing it to the townspeople got used to Hester wearing it so they saw how helpful she has been. Hawthorne wrote, Do you see that woman with embroidered badge? they would say to strangers, It is our Hester-the towns own Hester-who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted!. This connects to the change of the Scarlet Letter because Hester has changed the whole meaning of it and made it into a positive standard. Hester has been strong for years with the Scarlet Letter and has worked for years to give herself a good reputation. Hawthorne wrote again, That many people refused to interpret the Scarlet A by its original signification. They said it meant Able, so strong was Hester Prynne, with a womans strength.. This connects to the scarlet letters change in the novel because the A is a negative symbol since it represent s sin in the Puritan Code. Hester made people reinterpret the meaning of the letter by doing good deeds. The Scarlet Letter A can be a negative thing because people will see Hester as a horrible person who only does bad things. But it can be positive because it can give people awareness on what would happen if you commit a sin. Hesters characterization and the letter A changing from Adultery to Able proves that Hawthorne believes that sin can be redeemable and you can come back from anything. Hester gets a job and helps people in need such as the poor in needlework. Much of the time which she might readily have applied to the better efforts of her art, she employed in making coarse garments for the poor. This connects to the overall thesis statement because Hester is making the most out of her life with that Scarlet Letter trying to bring her down. She helps/ gives back to her community although they treated her badly. Therefore Hesters characterization and the change in the meaning of the Scarlet Letter A portrayed that you can redeem yourself from any situation. Positivity can be produced from negativity and this can help you make a large impact on the lives of others. Hawthorne characterize Hester as a strong woman and she makes the most out of her life with the Scarlet Letter. The symbol of the A changes from Adultery to Able. Hesters characterization and the Letter A changing from Adultery to Able proves that Hawthorne believes that committing a sin can be redeemable. In the real world if you sin, people will look at others like theyve just killed someone in broad daylight. But if one works hard enough to get that good reputation back then you can once again be a positive person.